{
 "name": "Chokepoints.io – global crude oil flows",
 "url": "https://chokepoints.io",
 "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
 "citation": "Chokepoints (2026), Global crude oil flows 2024, https://chokepoints.io. Underlying data: UN Comtrade, JODI, EIA.",
 "dataYear": "2024",
 "updated": "2026-09-18",
 "unit": "thousand barrels per day (kb/d), annual average",
 "sources": [
  "UN Comtrade (HS 2709, importer's customs statistics)",
  "JODI",
  "EIA (chokepoint throughput, 2023, crude + products)",
  "Energy Institute Statistical Review (consumption)"
 ],
 "countries": [
  {
   "id": "saudi",
   "name": "Saudi Arabia",
   "role": "exporter",
   "region": "middle_east",
   "production_kbd": 8955,
   "imports_kbd": null,
   "exports_kbd": 6050,
   "consumption_kbd": 3831,
   "main_port": "Ras Tanura · Yanbu",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/saudi-arabia/"
  },
  {
   "id": "iraq",
   "name": "Iraq",
   "role": "exporter",
   "region": "middle_east",
   "production_kbd": 4300,
   "imports_kbd": null,
   "exports_kbd": 3400,
   "consumption_kbd": 1000,
   "main_port": "Basra",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/iraq/"
  },
  {
   "id": "uae",
   "name": "UAE",
   "role": "exporter",
   "region": "middle_east",
   "production_kbd": 3300,
   "imports_kbd": null,
   "exports_kbd": 2700,
   "consumption_kbd": 1190,
   "main_port": "Fujairah",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/united-arab-emirates/"
  },
  {
   "id": "kuwait",
   "name": "Kuwait",
   "role": "exporter",
   "region": "middle_east",
   "production_kbd": 2411,
   "imports_kbd": null,
   "exports_kbd": 1176,
   "consumption_kbd": 518,
   "main_port": "Mina al-Ahmadi",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/kuwait/"
  },
  {
   "id": "iran",
   "name": "Iran",
   "role": "exporter",
   "region": "middle_east",
   "production_kbd": 3300,
   "imports_kbd": null,
   "exports_kbd": 1600,
   "consumption_kbd": 1953,
   "main_port": "Kharg Island",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/iran/"
  },
  {
   "id": "oman",
   "name": "Oman",
   "role": "exporter",
   "region": "middle_east",
   "production_kbd": 1000,
   "imports_kbd": null,
   "exports_kbd": 850,
   "consumption_kbd": 231,
   "main_port": "Mina al Fahal",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/oman/"
  },
  {
   "id": "qatar",
   "name": "Qatar",
   "role": "exporter",
   "region": "middle_east",
   "production_kbd": 600,
   "imports_kbd": null,
   "exports_kbd": 500,
   "consumption_kbd": 343,
   "main_port": "Mesaieed",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/qatar/"
  },
  {
   "id": "russia",
   "name": "Russia",
   "role": "exporter",
   "region": "russia_cis",
   "production_kbd": 9300,
   "imports_kbd": null,
   "exports_kbd": 4800,
   "consumption_kbd": 3981,
   "main_port": "Primorsk · Novorossiysk · Kozmino",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/russia/"
  },
  {
   "id": "kazakhstan",
   "name": "Kazakhstan",
   "role": "exporter",
   "region": "russia_cis",
   "production_kbd": 1511,
   "imports_kbd": null,
   "exports_kbd": 1426,
   "consumption_kbd": 360,
   "main_port": "Tengiz → CPC",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/kazakhstan/"
  },
  {
   "id": "azerbaijan",
   "name": "Azerbaijan",
   "role": "exporter",
   "region": "russia_cis",
   "production_kbd": 479,
   "imports_kbd": null,
   "exports_kbd": 393,
   "consumption_kbd": 133,
   "main_port": "Baku → BTC → Ceyhan",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/azerbaijan/"
  },
  {
   "id": "usa",
   "name": "USA",
   "role": "both",
   "region": "americas",
   "production_kbd": 13209,
   "imports_kbd": 6588,
   "exports_kbd": 4111,
   "consumption_kbd": 18605,
   "main_port": "Houston · Corpus Christi",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/united-states/"
  },
  {
   "id": "canada",
   "name": "Canada",
   "role": "exporter",
   "region": "americas",
   "production_kbd": 4028,
   "imports_kbd": null,
   "exports_kbd": 3570,
   "consumption_kbd": 2261,
   "main_port": "Hardisty (pipelines)",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/canada/"
  },
  {
   "id": "mexico",
   "name": "Mexico",
   "role": "exporter",
   "region": "americas",
   "production_kbd": 1706,
   "imports_kbd": null,
   "exports_kbd": 848,
   "consumption_kbd": 1871,
   "main_port": "Dos Bocas",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/mexico/"
  },
  {
   "id": "brazil",
   "name": "Brazil",
   "role": "exporter",
   "region": "americas",
   "production_kbd": 3400,
   "imports_kbd": null,
   "exports_kbd": 1700,
   "consumption_kbd": 2670,
   "main_port": "Santos / Rio",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/brazil/"
  },
  {
   "id": "venezuela",
   "name": "Venezuela",
   "role": "exporter",
   "region": "americas",
   "production_kbd": 921,
   "imports_kbd": null,
   "exports_kbd": 583,
   "consumption_kbd": 356,
   "main_port": "José",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/venezuela/"
  },
  {
   "id": "colombia",
   "name": "Colombia",
   "role": "exporter",
   "region": "americas",
   "production_kbd": 780,
   "imports_kbd": null,
   "exports_kbd": 500,
   "consumption_kbd": 472,
   "main_port": "Coveñas",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/colombia/"
  },
  {
   "id": "guyana",
   "name": "Guyana",
   "role": "exporter",
   "region": "americas",
   "production_kbd": 620,
   "imports_kbd": null,
   "exports_kbd": 600,
   "consumption_kbd": 20,
   "main_port": "Stabroek (offshore)",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/guyana/"
  },
  {
   "id": "nigeria",
   "name": "Nigeria",
   "role": "exporter",
   "region": "africa",
   "production_kbd": 1344,
   "imports_kbd": null,
   "exports_kbd": 1101,
   "consumption_kbd": 500,
   "main_port": "Bonny",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/nigeria/"
  },
  {
   "id": "angola",
   "name": "Angola",
   "role": "exporter",
   "region": "africa",
   "production_kbd": 1100,
   "imports_kbd": null,
   "exports_kbd": 1100,
   "consumption_kbd": 150,
   "main_port": "Luanda",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/angola/"
  },
  {
   "id": "congo",
   "name": "Congo",
   "role": "exporter",
   "region": "africa",
   "production_kbd": 270,
   "imports_kbd": null,
   "exports_kbd": 250,
   "consumption_kbd": 20,
   "main_port": "Djeno",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/congo/"
  },
  {
   "id": "libya",
   "name": "Libya",
   "role": "exporter",
   "region": "africa",
   "production_kbd": 1200,
   "imports_kbd": null,
   "exports_kbd": 1000,
   "consumption_kbd": 250,
   "main_port": "Es Sider / Ras Lanuf",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/libya/"
  },
  {
   "id": "algeria",
   "name": "Algeria",
   "role": "exporter",
   "region": "africa",
   "production_kbd": 907,
   "imports_kbd": null,
   "exports_kbd": 401,
   "consumption_kbd": 469,
   "main_port": "Arzew / Skikda",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/algeria/"
  },
  {
   "id": "norway",
   "name": "Norway",
   "role": "exporter",
   "region": "europe",
   "production_kbd": 1807,
   "imports_kbd": null,
   "exports_kbd": 1690,
   "consumption_kbd": 201,
   "main_port": "Mongstad",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/norway/"
  },
  {
   "id": "uk",
   "name": "United Kingdom",
   "role": "both",
   "region": "europe",
   "production_kbd": 594,
   "imports_kbd": 843,
   "exports_kbd": 474,
   "consumption_kbd": 1392,
   "main_port": "Hound Point · Immingham",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/united-kingdom/"
  },
  {
   "id": "germany",
   "name": "Germany",
   "role": "importer",
   "region": "europe",
   "production_kbd": null,
   "imports_kbd": 1689,
   "exports_kbd": null,
   "consumption_kbd": 2200,
   "main_port": "Wilhelmshaven · Trieste (TAL)",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/germany/"
  },
  {
   "id": "netherlands",
   "name": "Netherlands",
   "role": "importer",
   "region": "europe",
   "production_kbd": null,
   "imports_kbd": 974,
   "exports_kbd": null,
   "consumption_kbd": 810,
   "main_port": "Rotterdam",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/netherlands/"
  },
  {
   "id": "belgium",
   "name": "Belgium",
   "role": "importer",
   "region": "europe",
   "production_kbd": null,
   "imports_kbd": 621,
   "exports_kbd": null,
   "consumption_kbd": 611,
   "main_port": "Antwerp",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/belgium/"
  },
  {
   "id": "france",
   "name": "France",
   "role": "importer",
   "region": "europe",
   "production_kbd": null,
   "imports_kbd": 897,
   "exports_kbd": null,
   "consumption_kbd": 1451,
   "main_port": "Le Havre · Fos-sur-Mer",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/france/"
  },
  {
   "id": "spain",
   "name": "Spain",
   "role": "importer",
   "region": "europe",
   "production_kbd": null,
   "imports_kbd": 1301,
   "exports_kbd": null,
   "consumption_kbd": 1385,
   "main_port": "Algeciras · Bilbao · Cartagena",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/spain/"
  },
  {
   "id": "italy",
   "name": "Italy",
   "role": "importer",
   "region": "europe",
   "production_kbd": null,
   "imports_kbd": 1128,
   "exports_kbd": null,
   "consumption_kbd": 1333,
   "main_port": "Augusta · Sarroch · Trieste",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/italy/"
  },
  {
   "id": "poland",
   "name": "Poland",
   "role": "importer",
   "region": "europe",
   "production_kbd": null,
   "imports_kbd": 515,
   "exports_kbd": null,
   "consumption_kbd": 737,
   "main_port": "Gdańsk (Naftoport)",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/poland/"
  },
  {
   "id": "sweden",
   "name": "Sweden",
   "role": "importer",
   "region": "europe",
   "production_kbd": null,
   "imports_kbd": 366,
   "exports_kbd": null,
   "consumption_kbd": 254,
   "main_port": "Brofjorden",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/sweden/"
  },
  {
   "id": "greece",
   "name": "Greece",
   "role": "importer",
   "region": "europe",
   "production_kbd": null,
   "imports_kbd": 482,
   "exports_kbd": null,
   "consumption_kbd": 324,
   "main_port": "Elefsina",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/greece/"
  },
  {
   "id": "eu_central",
   "name": "Hungary / Slovakia",
   "role": "importer",
   "region": "europe",
   "production_kbd": null,
   "imports_kbd": 210,
   "exports_kbd": null,
   "consumption_kbd": 270,
   "main_port": "Százhalombatta · Bratislava (Druzhba)",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/hungary-slovakia/"
  },
  {
   "id": "portugal",
   "name": "Portugal",
   "role": "importer",
   "region": "europe",
   "production_kbd": null,
   "imports_kbd": 212,
   "exports_kbd": null,
   "consumption_kbd": 229,
   "main_port": "Sines",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/portugal/"
  },
  {
   "id": "finland",
   "name": "Finland",
   "role": "importer",
   "region": "europe",
   "production_kbd": null,
   "imports_kbd": 173,
   "exports_kbd": null,
   "consumption_kbd": 162,
   "main_port": "Porvoo",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/finland/"
  },
  {
   "id": "lithuania",
   "name": "Lithuania",
   "role": "importer",
   "region": "europe",
   "production_kbd": null,
   "imports_kbd": 176,
   "exports_kbd": null,
   "consumption_kbd": 70,
   "main_port": "Būtingė (Orlen Lietuva)",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/lithuania/"
  },
  {
   "id": "austria",
   "name": "Austria",
   "role": "importer",
   "region": "europe",
   "production_kbd": null,
   "imports_kbd": 154,
   "exports_kbd": null,
   "consumption_kbd": 247,
   "main_port": "Trieste → TAL → AWP (Schwechat)",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/austria/"
  },
  {
   "id": "czechia",
   "name": "Czechia",
   "role": "importer",
   "region": "europe",
   "production_kbd": null,
   "imports_kbd": 131,
   "exports_kbd": null,
   "consumption_kbd": 211,
   "main_port": "Trieste → TAL → IKL (Kralupy) · Druzhba (Litvínov)",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/czechia/"
  },
  {
   "id": "romania",
   "name": "Romania",
   "role": "importer",
   "region": "europe",
   "production_kbd": 57,
   "imports_kbd": 170,
   "exports_kbd": null,
   "consumption_kbd": 257,
   "main_port": "Constanța",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/romania/"
  },
  {
   "id": "bulgaria",
   "name": "Bulgaria",
   "role": "importer",
   "region": "europe",
   "production_kbd": null,
   "imports_kbd": 132,
   "exports_kbd": null,
   "consumption_kbd": 114,
   "main_port": "Burgas",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/bulgaria/"
  },
  {
   "id": "croatia",
   "name": "Croatia",
   "role": "importer",
   "region": "europe",
   "production_kbd": null,
   "imports_kbd": 36,
   "exports_kbd": null,
   "consumption_kbd": 88,
   "main_port": "Omišalj (JANAF)",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/croatia/"
  },
  {
   "id": "serbia",
   "name": "Serbia",
   "role": "importer",
   "region": "europe",
   "production_kbd": null,
   "imports_kbd": 54,
   "exports_kbd": null,
   "consumption_kbd": 80,
   "main_port": "Omišalj → JANAF (Pančevo)",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/serbia/"
  },
  {
   "id": "belarus",
   "name": "Belarus",
   "role": "importer",
   "region": "europe",
   "production_kbd": null,
   "imports_kbd": 350,
   "exports_kbd": null,
   "consumption_kbd": 173,
   "main_port": "Druzhba (Mozyr, Novopolotsk)",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/belarus/"
  },
  {
   "id": "turkey",
   "name": "Turkey",
   "role": "importer",
   "region": "europe",
   "production_kbd": null,
   "imports_kbd": 604,
   "exports_kbd": null,
   "consumption_kbd": 1231,
   "main_port": "Izmit",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/turkey/"
  },
  {
   "id": "china",
   "name": "China",
   "role": "importer",
   "region": "asia",
   "production_kbd": 4255,
   "imports_kbd": 11069,
   "exports_kbd": null,
   "consumption_kbd": 16763,
   "main_port": "Ningbo-Zhoushan",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/china/"
  },
  {
   "id": "india",
   "name": "India",
   "role": "importer",
   "region": "asia",
   "production_kbd": 587,
   "imports_kbd": 4782,
   "exports_kbd": null,
   "consumption_kbd": 5664,
   "main_port": "Jamnagar",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/india/"
  },
  {
   "id": "japan",
   "name": "Japan",
   "role": "importer",
   "region": "asia",
   "production_kbd": null,
   "imports_kbd": 2332,
   "exports_kbd": null,
   "consumption_kbd": 3334,
   "main_port": "Tokyo Bay",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/japan/"
  },
  {
   "id": "korea",
   "name": "South Korea",
   "role": "importer",
   "region": "asia",
   "production_kbd": null,
   "imports_kbd": 2760,
   "exports_kbd": null,
   "consumption_kbd": 2880,
   "main_port": "Ulsan",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/country/south-korea/"
  }
 ],
 "chokepoints": [
  {
   "id": "hormuz",
   "name": "Strait of Hormuz",
   "lon": 56.5,
   "lat": 26.7,
   "volume_kbd": 20900,
   "share_of_seaborne_trade": "~20% of global oil consumption",
   "risk": "high",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/chokepoint/strait-of-hormuz/"
  },
  {
   "id": "malacca",
   "name": "Strait of Malacca",
   "lon": 101,
   "lat": 2.5,
   "volume_kbd": 23700,
   "share_of_seaborne_trade": "the world's busiest chokepoint",
   "risk": "high",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/chokepoint/strait-of-malacca/"
  },
  {
   "id": "bab_mandeb",
   "name": "Bab el-Mandeb",
   "lon": 43.4,
   "lat": 12.6,
   "volume_kbd": 8700,
   "share_of_seaborne_trade": "~9% of seaborne trade",
   "risk": "high",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/chokepoint/bab-el-mandeb/"
  },
  {
   "id": "suez",
   "name": "Suez Canal / SUMED",
   "lon": 32.4,
   "lat": 30.6,
   "volume_kbd": 8800,
   "share_of_seaborne_trade": "~9% of seaborne trade",
   "risk": "high",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/chokepoint/suez-canal/"
  },
  {
   "id": "turkish_straits",
   "name": "Turkish Straits",
   "lon": 28.3,
   "lat": 40.6,
   "volume_kbd": 3400,
   "share_of_seaborne_trade": "~3% of seaborne trade",
   "risk": "medium",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/chokepoint/turkish-straits/"
  },
  {
   "id": "danish_straits",
   "name": "Danish Straits",
   "lon": 11.5,
   "lat": 56.2,
   "volume_kbd": 3200,
   "share_of_seaborne_trade": "~3% of seaborne trade",
   "risk": "low",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/chokepoint/danish-straits/"
  },
  {
   "id": "cape",
   "name": "Cape of Good Hope",
   "lon": 19,
   "lat": -35.5,
   "volume_kbd": 5900,
   "share_of_seaborne_trade": "~6% of seaborne trade",
   "risk": "low",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/chokepoint/cape-of-good-hope/"
  },
  {
   "id": "panama",
   "name": "Panama Canal",
   "lon": -79.7,
   "lat": 9.1,
   "volume_kbd": 2100,
   "share_of_seaborne_trade": "~2% of seaborne trade",
   "risk": "medium",
   "page": "https://chokepoints.io/chokepoint/panama-canal/"
  }
 ],
 "flows": [
  {
   "id": "saudi-china",
   "from": "saudi",
   "to": "china",
   "volume_kbd": 1579,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "hormuz",
    "malacca"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "saudi-japan",
   "from": "saudi",
   "to": "japan",
   "volume_kbd": 932,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "hormuz",
    "malacca"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "saudi-korea",
   "from": "saudi",
   "to": "korea",
   "volume_kbd": 960,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "hormuz",
    "malacca"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "saudi-india",
   "from": "saudi",
   "to": "india",
   "volume_kbd": 637,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "hormuz"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "saudi-poland",
   "from": "saudi",
   "to": "poland",
   "volume_kbd": 269,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [
    "suez",
    "danish_straits"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "saudi-france",
   "from": "saudi",
   "to": "france",
   "volume_kbd": 27,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [
    "suez"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "saudi-italy",
   "from": "saudi",
   "to": "italy",
   "volume_kbd": 72,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [
    "suez"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "saudi-spain",
   "from": "saudi",
   "to": "spain",
   "volume_kbd": 71,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [
    "suez"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "saudi-netherlands",
   "from": "saudi",
   "to": "netherlands",
   "volume_kbd": 80,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [
    "suez"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "saudi-belgium",
   "from": "saudi",
   "to": "belgium",
   "volume_kbd": 80,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [
    "suez"
   ],
   "source": "estimate"
  },
  {
   "id": "saudi-germany",
   "from": "saudi",
   "to": "germany",
   "volume_kbd": 35,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [
    "suez"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "saudi-greece",
   "from": "saudi",
   "to": "greece",
   "volume_kbd": 43,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [
    "suez"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "saudi-usa",
   "from": "saudi",
   "to": "usa",
   "volume_kbd": 313,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "hormuz",
    "cape"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "oman-china",
   "from": "oman",
   "to": "china",
   "volume_kbd": 819,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "malacca"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "qatar-china",
   "from": "qatar",
   "to": "china",
   "volume_kbd": 204,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "hormuz",
    "malacca"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "qatar-korea",
   "from": "qatar",
   "to": "korea",
   "volume_kbd": 138,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "hormuz",
    "malacca"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "qatar-japan",
   "from": "qatar",
   "to": "japan",
   "volume_kbd": 94,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "hormuz",
    "malacca"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "iraq-china",
   "from": "iraq",
   "to": "china",
   "volume_kbd": 1282,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "hormuz",
    "malacca"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "iraq-india",
   "from": "iraq",
   "to": "india",
   "volume_kbd": 1006,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "hormuz"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "iraq-italy",
   "from": "iraq",
   "to": "italy",
   "volume_kbd": 88,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "hormuz",
    "bab_mandeb",
    "suez"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "iraq-turkey",
   "from": "iraq",
   "to": "turkey",
   "volume_kbd": 150,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "hormuz",
    "bab_mandeb",
    "suez",
    "turkish_straits"
   ],
   "source": "estimate"
  },
  {
   "id": "iraq-greece",
   "from": "iraq",
   "to": "greece",
   "volume_kbd": 165,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "hormuz",
    "bab_mandeb",
    "suez"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "iraq-germany",
   "from": "iraq",
   "to": "germany",
   "volume_kbd": 66,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [
    "hormuz",
    "bab_mandeb",
    "suez"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "iraq-netherlands",
   "from": "iraq",
   "to": "netherlands",
   "volume_kbd": 144,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "hormuz",
    "bab_mandeb",
    "suez"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "iraq-spain",
   "from": "iraq",
   "to": "spain",
   "volume_kbd": 34,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "hormuz",
    "bab_mandeb",
    "suez"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "iraq-france",
   "from": "iraq",
   "to": "france",
   "volume_kbd": 75,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "hormuz",
    "bab_mandeb",
    "suez"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "iraq-korea",
   "from": "iraq",
   "to": "korea",
   "volume_kbd": 279,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "hormuz",
    "malacca"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "iraq-usa",
   "from": "iraq",
   "to": "usa",
   "volume_kbd": 225,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "hormuz",
    "cape"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "uae-japan",
   "from": "uae",
   "to": "japan",
   "volume_kbd": 994,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "malacca"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "uae-china",
   "from": "uae",
   "to": "china",
   "volume_kbd": 714,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "malacca"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "uae-india",
   "from": "uae",
   "to": "india",
   "volume_kbd": 427,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "uae-korea",
   "from": "uae",
   "to": "korea",
   "volume_kbd": 373,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "malacca"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "kuwait-china",
   "from": "kuwait",
   "to": "china",
   "volume_kbd": 321,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "hormuz",
    "malacca"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "kuwait-korea",
   "from": "kuwait",
   "to": "korea",
   "volume_kbd": 230,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "hormuz",
    "malacca"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "kuwait-japan",
   "from": "kuwait",
   "to": "japan",
   "volume_kbd": 162,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "hormuz",
    "malacca"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "kuwait-india",
   "from": "kuwait",
   "to": "india",
   "volume_kbd": 105,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "hormuz"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "iran-china",
   "from": "iran",
   "to": "china",
   "volume_kbd": 1409,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "hormuz",
    "malacca"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "russia-india-baltic",
   "from": "russia",
   "to": "india",
   "volume_kbd": 1201,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "suez",
    "bab_mandeb",
    "danish_straits"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "russia-india-black",
   "from": "russia",
   "to": "india",
   "volume_kbd": 647,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "turkish_straits",
    "suez",
    "bab_mandeb"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "russia-china-sea",
   "from": "russia",
   "to": "china",
   "volume_kbd": 1578,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "russia-china-pipe",
   "from": "russia",
   "to": "china",
   "volume_kbd": 600,
   "mode": "pipeline",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "russia-eu_central-pipe",
   "from": "russia",
   "to": "eu_central",
   "volume_kbd": 182,
   "mode": "pipeline",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "russia-turkey",
   "from": "russia",
   "to": "turkey",
   "volume_kbd": 350,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "turkish_straits"
   ],
   "source": "estimate"
  },
  {
   "id": "azerbaijan-italy",
   "from": "azerbaijan",
   "to": "italy",
   "volume_kbd": 173,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "azerbaijan-germany",
   "from": "azerbaijan",
   "to": "germany",
   "volume_kbd": 36,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "azerbaijan-greece",
   "from": "azerbaijan",
   "to": "greece",
   "volume_kbd": 12,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "kazakhstan-germany",
   "from": "kazakhstan",
   "to": "germany",
   "volume_kbd": 213,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [
    "turkish_straits"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "kazakhstan-italy",
   "from": "kazakhstan",
   "to": "italy",
   "volume_kbd": 176,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [
    "turkish_straits"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "kazakhstan-france",
   "from": "kazakhstan",
   "to": "france",
   "volume_kbd": 108,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [
    "turkish_straits"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "kazakhstan-turkey",
   "from": "kazakhstan",
   "to": "turkey",
   "volume_kbd": 100,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [
    "turkish_straits"
   ],
   "source": "estimate"
  },
  {
   "id": "kazakhstan-spain",
   "from": "kazakhstan",
   "to": "spain",
   "volume_kbd": 53,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [
    "turkish_straits"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "kazakhstan-greece",
   "from": "kazakhstan",
   "to": "greece",
   "volume_kbd": 131,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [
    "turkish_straits"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "kazakhstan-netherlands",
   "from": "kazakhstan",
   "to": "netherlands",
   "volume_kbd": 149,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [
    "turkish_straits"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "kazakhstan-belgium",
   "from": "kazakhstan",
   "to": "belgium",
   "volume_kbd": 60,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [
    "turkish_straits"
   ],
   "source": "estimate"
  },
  {
   "id": "kazakhstan-uk",
   "from": "kazakhstan",
   "to": "uk",
   "volume_kbd": 9,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [
    "turkish_straits"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "kazakhstan-china-pipe",
   "from": "kazakhstan",
   "to": "china",
   "volume_kbd": 41,
   "mode": "pipeline",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "usa-netherlands",
   "from": "usa",
   "to": "netherlands",
   "volume_kbd": 372,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "usa-germany",
   "from": "usa",
   "to": "germany",
   "volume_kbd": 287,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "usa-uk",
   "from": "usa",
   "to": "uk",
   "volume_kbd": 339,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "usa-spain",
   "from": "usa",
   "to": "spain",
   "volume_kbd": 203,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "usa-france",
   "from": "usa",
   "to": "france",
   "volume_kbd": 231,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "usa-belgium",
   "from": "usa",
   "to": "belgium",
   "volume_kbd": 120,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "estimate"
  },
  {
   "id": "usa-italy",
   "from": "usa",
   "to": "italy",
   "volume_kbd": 92,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "usa-poland",
   "from": "usa",
   "to": "poland",
   "volume_kbd": 34,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "danish_straits"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "usa-sweden",
   "from": "usa",
   "to": "sweden",
   "volume_kbd": 45,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "usa-korea",
   "from": "usa",
   "to": "korea",
   "volume_kbd": 432,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "cape"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "usa-india",
   "from": "usa",
   "to": "india",
   "volume_kbd": 120,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "cape"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "usa-china",
   "from": "usa",
   "to": "china",
   "volume_kbd": 194,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "cape"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "canada-usa",
   "from": "canada",
   "to": "usa",
   "volume_kbd": 4590,
   "mode": "pipeline",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "canada-usa-rail",
   "from": "canada",
   "to": "usa",
   "volume_kbd": 150,
   "mode": "rail",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "mexico-usa",
   "from": "mexico",
   "to": "usa",
   "volume_kbd": 532,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "mexico-spain",
   "from": "mexico",
   "to": "spain",
   "volume_kbd": 172,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "venezuela-usa",
   "from": "venezuela",
   "to": "usa",
   "volume_kbd": 264,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "venezuela-india",
   "from": "venezuela",
   "to": "india",
   "volume_kbd": 75,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "cape"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "colombia-usa",
   "from": "colombia",
   "to": "usa",
   "volume_kbd": 243,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "colombia-india",
   "from": "colombia",
   "to": "india",
   "volume_kbd": 69,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "cape"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "guyana-usa",
   "from": "guyana",
   "to": "usa",
   "volume_kbd": 202,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "guyana-netherlands",
   "from": "guyana",
   "to": "netherlands",
   "volume_kbd": 97,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "guyana-germany",
   "from": "guyana",
   "to": "germany",
   "volume_kbd": 87,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "guyana-poland",
   "from": "guyana",
   "to": "poland",
   "volume_kbd": 13,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "danish_straits"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "brazil-china",
   "from": "brazil",
   "to": "china",
   "volume_kbd": 740,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "cape"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "brazil-usa",
   "from": "brazil",
   "to": "usa",
   "volume_kbd": 248,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "brazil-korea",
   "from": "brazil",
   "to": "korea",
   "volume_kbd": 66,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "cape"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "brazil-spain",
   "from": "brazil",
   "to": "spain",
   "volume_kbd": 177,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "brazil-netherlands",
   "from": "brazil",
   "to": "netherlands",
   "volume_kbd": 130,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "nigeria-spain",
   "from": "nigeria",
   "to": "spain",
   "volume_kbd": 154,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "nigeria-france",
   "from": "nigeria",
   "to": "france",
   "volume_kbd": 129,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "nigeria-netherlands",
   "from": "nigeria",
   "to": "netherlands",
   "volume_kbd": 64,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "nigeria-germany",
   "from": "nigeria",
   "to": "germany",
   "volume_kbd": 49,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "nigeria-uk",
   "from": "nigeria",
   "to": "uk",
   "volume_kbd": 42,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "nigeria-italy",
   "from": "nigeria",
   "to": "italy",
   "volume_kbd": 73,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "nigeria-belgium",
   "from": "nigeria",
   "to": "belgium",
   "volume_kbd": 50,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "estimate"
  },
  {
   "id": "nigeria-poland",
   "from": "nigeria",
   "to": "poland",
   "volume_kbd": 13,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "danish_straits"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "angola-france",
   "from": "angola",
   "to": "france",
   "volume_kbd": 55,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "angola-spain",
   "from": "angola",
   "to": "spain",
   "volume_kbd": 76,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "congo-china",
   "from": "congo",
   "to": "china",
   "volume_kbd": 132,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "cape"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
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  {
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   "to": "italy",
   "volume_kbd": 228,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "libya-germany",
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   "to": "germany",
   "volume_kbd": 149,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
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  {
   "id": "libya-spain",
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   "to": "spain",
   "volume_kbd": 78,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "libya-france",
   "from": "libya",
   "to": "france",
   "volume_kbd": 66,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "libya-greece",
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   "to": "greece",
   "volume_kbd": 79,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "libya-netherlands",
   "from": "libya",
   "to": "netherlands",
   "volume_kbd": 30,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "algeria-france",
   "from": "algeria",
   "to": "france",
   "volume_kbd": 83,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "algeria-italy",
   "from": "algeria",
   "to": "italy",
   "volume_kbd": 20,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "algeria-uk",
   "from": "algeria",
   "to": "uk",
   "volume_kbd": 23,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "algeria-spain",
   "from": "algeria",
   "to": "spain",
   "volume_kbd": 53,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "nigeria-india",
   "from": "nigeria",
   "to": "india",
   "volume_kbd": 128,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
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   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
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  {
   "id": "nigeria-usa",
   "from": "nigeria",
   "to": "usa",
   "volume_kbd": 162,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "angola-usa",
   "from": "angola",
   "to": "usa",
   "volume_kbd": 65,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "angola-india",
   "from": "angola",
   "to": "india",
   "volume_kbd": 116,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "cape"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "libya-uk",
   "from": "libya",
   "to": "uk",
   "volume_kbd": 86,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "libya-usa",
   "from": "libya",
   "to": "usa",
   "volume_kbd": 54,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "venezuela-spain",
   "from": "venezuela",
   "to": "spain",
   "volume_kbd": 59,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "uk-usa",
   "from": "uk",
   "to": "usa",
   "volume_kbd": 57,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "angola-china",
   "from": "angola",
   "to": "china",
   "volume_kbd": 577,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "cape"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "norway-germany",
   "from": "norway",
   "to": "germany",
   "volume_kbd": 306,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "norway-uk",
   "from": "norway",
   "to": "uk",
   "volume_kbd": 387,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "norway-sweden",
   "from": "norway",
   "to": "sweden",
   "volume_kbd": 175,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "norway-netherlands",
   "from": "norway",
   "to": "netherlands",
   "volume_kbd": 160,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "norway-belgium",
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   "to": "belgium",
   "volume_kbd": 100,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "estimate"
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  {
   "id": "norway-poland",
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   "to": "poland",
   "volume_kbd": 153,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
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   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "norway-france",
   "from": "norway",
   "to": "france",
   "volume_kbd": 69,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "norway-spain",
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   "to": "spain",
   "volume_kbd": 20,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "uk-germany",
   "from": "uk",
   "to": "germany",
   "volume_kbd": 165,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "uk-netherlands",
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   "to": "netherlands",
   "volume_kbd": 117,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "uk-belgium",
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   "to": "belgium",
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   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "estimate"
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  {
   "id": "uk-poland",
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   "via": [
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   "source": "comtrade"
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  {
   "id": "uk-sweden",
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   "to": "sweden",
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   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
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  {
   "id": "brazil-portugal",
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   "to": "portugal",
   "volume_kbd": 94,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
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  {
   "id": "usa-portugal",
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   "to": "portugal",
   "volume_kbd": 23,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
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  {
   "id": "nigeria-portugal",
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   "to": "portugal",
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   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
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  {
   "id": "algeria-portugal",
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   "to": "portugal",
   "volume_kbd": 36,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
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  {
   "id": "norway-portugal",
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   "to": "portugal",
   "volume_kbd": 12,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "norway-finland",
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   "to": "finland",
   "volume_kbd": 133,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
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   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
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  {
   "id": "usa-finland",
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   "to": "finland",
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   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
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   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
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  {
   "id": "uk-finland",
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   "to": "finland",
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   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
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   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
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  {
   "id": "saudi-lithuania",
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   "to": "lithuania",
   "volume_kbd": 75,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [
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    "danish_straits"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "norway-lithuania",
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   "to": "lithuania",
   "volume_kbd": 51,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
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   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "usa-lithuania",
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   "to": "lithuania",
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   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
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   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
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  {
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   "to": "lithuania",
   "volume_kbd": 19,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
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   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
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  {
   "id": "kazakhstan-romania",
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   "to": "romania",
   "volume_kbd": 91,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
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   "to": "romania",
   "volume_kbd": 10,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
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   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "kazakhstan-bulgaria",
   "from": "kazakhstan",
   "to": "bulgaria",
   "volume_kbd": 48,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
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  {
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   "to": "bulgaria",
   "volume_kbd": 25,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
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    "bab_mandeb",
    "suez",
    "turkish_straits"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
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  {
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   "to": "bulgaria",
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   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [
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    "turkish_straits"
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   "source": "comtrade"
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  {
   "id": "libya-bulgaria",
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   "to": "bulgaria",
   "volume_kbd": 11,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
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   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "kazakhstan-croatia",
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   "to": "croatia",
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   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [
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   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
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  {
   "id": "azerbaijan-croatia",
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   "to": "croatia",
   "volume_kbd": 31,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "kazakhstan-austria",
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   "to": "austria",
   "volume_kbd": 86,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [
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   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "kazakhstan-czechia",
   "from": "kazakhstan",
   "to": "czechia",
   "volume_kbd": 20,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [
    "turkish_straits"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "kazakhstan-serbia",
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   "to": "serbia",
   "volume_kbd": 17,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [
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   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
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  {
   "id": "azerbaijan-austria",
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   "to": "austria",
   "volume_kbd": 6,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "azerbaijan-czechia",
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   "to": "czechia",
   "volume_kbd": 52,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "azerbaijan-serbia",
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   "to": "serbia",
   "volume_kbd": 12,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "iraq-austria",
   "from": "iraq",
   "to": "austria",
   "volume_kbd": 5,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [
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    "bab_mandeb",
    "suez"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "iraq-serbia",
   "from": "iraq",
   "to": "serbia",
   "volume_kbd": 22,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [
    "hormuz",
    "bab_mandeb",
    "suez"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "saudi-austria",
   "from": "saudi",
   "to": "austria",
   "volume_kbd": 19,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [
    "suez"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "libya-austria",
   "from": "libya",
   "to": "austria",
   "volume_kbd": 21,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "guyana-romania",
   "from": "guyana",
   "to": "romania",
   "volume_kbd": 21,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "turkish_straits"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "norway-romania",
   "from": "norway",
   "to": "romania",
   "volume_kbd": 12,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "turkish_straits"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "congo-romania",
   "from": "congo",
   "to": "romania",
   "volume_kbd": 5,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "turkish_straits"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "norway-bulgaria",
   "from": "norway",
   "to": "bulgaria",
   "volume_kbd": 16,
   "mode": "sea",
   "via": [
    "turkish_straits"
   ],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "azerbaijan-portugal",
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   "to": "portugal",
   "volume_kbd": 23,
   "mode": "mixed",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  },
  {
   "id": "russia-belarus-pipe",
   "from": "russia",
   "to": "belarus",
   "volume_kbd": 350,
   "mode": "pipeline",
   "via": [],
   "source": "estimate"
  },
  {
   "id": "russia-czechia-pipe",
   "from": "russia",
   "to": "czechia",
   "volume_kbd": 55,
   "mode": "pipeline",
   "via": [],
   "source": "comtrade"
  }
 ]
}