Serbia
net importerThe Pančevo refinery belongs to Gazprom Neft; crude arrives through Croatia's JANAF pipeline.
How much oil?
Imports 54 thousand barrels of crude a day – one supertanker every 5 weeks. There is practically no domestic production; crude imports cover 68% of fuel consumption, the rest is refined products and biofuels.
Where does it come from?
| Supplier | share | thousand b/d |
|---|---|---|
| Iraq | 41% | 22 |
| Kazakhstan | 31% | 17 |
| Azerbaijan | 22% | 12 |
Which way?
- Strait of Hormuz41% of imports · 22
- Bab el-Mandeb41% of imports · 22
- Suez Canal / SUMED41% of imports · 22
- Turkish Straits31% of imports · 17
Real risk: Strait of Hormuz – 41% of imports this way. Iran has repeatedly threatened to close the strait; tankers were attacked in 2019 and 2024.
Main port: Omišalj → JANAF (Pančevo)