Turkish Straits
medium riskThe Bosporus and Dardanelles – the exit from the Black Sea for Russian and Kazakh (CPC) crude.
Open on the interactive map →✕ What if it closes?
How much oil?
About 3.4 million barrels of crude and fuels pass through here every day – ~3% of seaborne trade, or 2 supertankers a day. The map shows 2.4 million of that in crude oil routes.
Why is it a risk?
Turkey controls traffic under the Montreux Convention; winter fog and tanker queues.
Who depends on it?
| Country | share | thousand b/d |
|---|---|---|
| Turkey | 99% of imports | 600 |
| Austria | 56% of imports | 86 |
| Bulgaria | 53% of imports | 70 |
| Serbia | 31% of imports | 17 |
| Romania | 28% of imports | 48 |
| Greece | 27% of imports | 131 |
| Croatia | 25% of imports | 9 |
| Italy | 16% of imports | 176 |
| Netherlands | 15% of imports | 149 |
| Czechia | 15% of imports | 20 |
| India | 14% of imports | 647 |
| Germany | 13% of imports | 213 |
| France | 12% of imports | 108 |
| Belgium | 10% of imports | 60 |
| Spain | 4% of imports | 53 |
| United Kingdom | 1% of imports | 9 |
Whose oil is it?
| Supplier | share | thousand b/d |
|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | 47% | 1,131 |
| Russia | 42% | 997 |
| Iraq | 7% | 175 |
| Norway | 1% | 28 |
| Guyana | 1% | 21 |
| Libya | 1% | 21 |
| Saudi Arabia | 1% | 18 |
| Congo | 0% | 5 |