Turkish Straits
medium riskThe Bosporus and Dardanelles – the exit from the Black Sea for Russian and Kazakh (CPC) crude.
Answer
About 3.4 million barrels of crude and fuels pass through here every day – ~3% of seaborne trade, or 2 supertankers a day. The map shows 2.4 million of that in crude oil routes. The countries most dependent on the Turkish Straits are Turkey (93% of imports), Serbia (64% of imports), Austria (57% of imports) and Bulgaria (52% of imports).
U.S. EIA 2023 · UN Comtrade 2025
Key figures
- Oil and products a day, barrels per day
- 3.4 million
- Most dependent country
- Turkey · 93%
- Largest supplier through it
- Kazakhstan · 49%
Open on the interactive map →✕ What if it closes?
How much oil passes through the Turkish Straits?
About 3.4 million barrels of crude and fuels pass through here every day – ~3% of seaborne trade, or 2 supertankers a day. The map shows 2.4 million of that in crude oil routes.
U.S. EIA · 2023
Why is the Turkish Straits a risk?
Turkey controls traffic under the Montreux Convention; winter fog and tanker queues.
The countries most dependent on the Turkish Straits are Turkey (93% of imports), Serbia (64% of imports), Austria (57% of imports) and Bulgaria (52% of imports).
Which countries depend on the Turkish Straits?
| Country | share | thousand b/d |
|---|---|---|
| Turkey | 93% of imports | 600 |
| Serbia | 64% of imports | 28 |
| Austria | 57% of imports | 96 |
| Bulgaria | 52% of imports | 50 |
| Romania | 34% of imports | 62 |
| Croatia | 30% of imports | 16 |
| Netherlands | 22% of imports | 228 |
| Greece | 18% of imports | 78 |
| Czechia | 18% of imports | 25 |
| France | 16% of imports | 145 |
| Germany | 13% of imports | 208 |
| India | 12% of imports | 624 |
| Italy | 11% of imports | 117 |
| Belgium | 10% of imports | 60 |
| United Kingdom | 5% of imports | 38 |
| Spain | 4% of imports | 49 |
UN Comtrade, JODI-Oil · 2025
Whose oil is it?
| Supplier | share | thousand b/d |
|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | 49% | 1,188 |
| Russia | 40% | 974 |
| Iraq | 7% | 167 |
| Azerbaijan | 1% | 29 |
| Libya | 1% | 21 |
| Guyana | 1% | 17 |
| Saudi Arabia | 1% | 14 |
| Norway | 1% | 14 |
UN Comtrade, JODI-Oil · 2025
Sources
- U.S. EIA – crude oil and petroleum products passing through maritime chokepoints · 2023
- UN Comtrade – crude oil imports by country of origin (HS 2709), as reported by the importing country · 2025
- JODI-Oil – national crude oil production, imports and exports · 2025
Related questions
Download the data
CSV and JSON, CC BY 4.0 – credit “chokepoints.io” with a link. Volumes in thousand barrels per day, 2025 annual averages.
Countries (CSV)Trade routes (CSV)Chokepoints (CSV)Everything (JSON)DOI 10.5281/zenodo.23267750 (Zenodo)