Kazakhstan
net exporterOil flows through the CPC pipeline to Novorossiysk, then by tanker.
How much oil?
Produces 1.5 million barrels a day. Uses 20% at home and sells 1.4 million (80%) abroad – one supertanker a day.
Where does it go?
| Buyer | share | thousand b/d |
|---|---|---|
| Germany | 15% | 213 |
| Italy | 12% | 176 |
| Netherlands | 10% | 149 |
| Greece | 9% | 131 |
| France | 8% | 108 |
| Turkey | 7% | 100 |
| Romania | 6% | 91 |
| Austria | 6% | 86 |
| Belgium | 4% | 60 |
| Spain | 4% | 53 |
| Bulgaria | 3% | 48 |
| China | 3% | 41 |
| Czechia | 1% | 20 |
| Serbia | 1% | 17 |
| United Kingdom | 1% | 9 |
| Croatia | 1% | 9 |
| other destinations (not on the map) | 8% | 115 |
Which way?
- Turkish Straits79% of exports · 1,131
Real risk: Turkish Straits – 79% of exports this way. Turkey controls traffic under the Montreux Convention; winter fog and tanker queues.
Main terminal: Tengiz → CPC