Kazakhstan
net exporterOil flows through the CPC pipeline to Novorossiysk, then by tanker.
Answer
Kazakhstan exports about 1.5 million barrels of crude a day. The largest buyers are Netherlands (15%), Germany (14%) and France (9%).
Data: 2025 annual averages
Key figures
- Crude oil exports, barrels per day
- 1.5 million
- Largest buyer
- Netherlands · 15%
- Real risk
- Turkish Straits · 78%
Where does Kazakhstan's oil go?
| Buyer | share | thousand b/d |
|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | 15% | 228 |
| Germany | 14% | 208 |
| France | 9% | 145 |
| Italy | 8% | 117 |
| Romania | 7% | 110 |
| Turkey | 7% | 100 |
| Austria | 6% | 96 |
| Greece | 5% | 78 |
| China | 5% | 78 |
| Belgium | 4% | 60 |
| Spain | 3% | 49 |
| United Kingdom | 2% | 38 |
| Bulgaria | 2% | 36 |
| Serbia | 2% | 28 |
| Czechia | 2% | 25 |
| Croatia | 1% | 16 |
| other destinations (not on the map) | 8% | 119 |
UN Comtrade, JODI-Oil · 2025
Which chokepoints does Kazakhstan's oil pass through?
The main maritime chokepoints on the way are Turkish Straits (78% of exports).
- Turkish Straits78% of exports · 1,188
Real risk: Turkish Straits – 78% of exports this way. Turkey controls traffic under the Montreux Convention; winter fog and tanker queues.
UN Comtrade · 2025
How much crude oil does Kazakhstan export?
Produces 1.8 million barrels a day. Uses 19% at home and sells 1.5 million (81%) abroad – one supertanker a day.
JODI-Oil · 2025
Kazakhstan: how did the 2026 oil crisis affect supplies and prices?
- February 28, 2026Iran closes the Strait of HormuzKazakhstan: supplies keep flowing – yet the price still rises, because oil has one world priceWikipedia: 2026 Strait of Hormuz crisis
- March 11, 2026IEA countries release 400 million barrels from emergency stocksIEA, 11 Mar 2026
- September 11, 2026Drones hit Saudi Arabia's East-West pipeline – the main route around HormuzCNBC, 14 Sept 2026
- September 28, 2026The East-West pipeline runs again, at lower capacitywnp.pl, 28 Sept 2026
Effect on supplies: model of oil routes (2025 flows), stranded = no sea route left on that day.
Main terminal: Tengiz → CPC
Sources
- UN Comtrade – crude oil imports by country of origin (HS 2709), as reported by the importing country · 2025
- JODI-Oil – national crude oil production, imports and exports · 2025
- U.S. EIA – crude oil and petroleum products passing through maritime chokepoints · 2023
Related questions
Download the data
CSV and JSON, CC BY 4.0 – credit “chokepoints.io” with a link. Volumes in thousand barrels per day, 2025 annual averages.
Countries (CSV)Trade routes (CSV)Chokepoints (CSV)Everything (JSON)DOI 10.5281/zenodo.23267750 (Zenodo)