Netherlands
net importerRotterdam is Europe's largest oil hub – part of the crude moves on by pipeline to Germany and Belgium.
How much oil?
Imports 974 thousand barrels of crude a day – one supertanker every 2 days. There is practically no domestic production; crude imports cover 100% of fuel consumption.
Where does it come from?
| Supplier | share | thousand b/d |
|---|---|---|
| USA | 28% | 372 |
| Norway | 12% | 160 |
| Kazakhstan | 11% | 149 |
| Iraq | 11% | 144 |
| Brazil | 10% | 130 |
| United Kingdom | 9% | 117 |
| Guyana | 7% | 97 |
| Saudi Arabia | 6% | 80 |
| Nigeria | 5% | 64 |
| Libya | 2% | 30 |
Which way?
- Suez Canal / SUMED17% of imports · 224
- Turkish Straits11% of imports · 149
- Strait of Hormuz11% of imports · 144
- Bab el-Mandeb11% of imports · 144
Real risk: Suez Canal / SUMED – 17% of imports this way. Depends on the situation in the Red Sea; the Ever Given blockage (2021) halted 12% of world trade for 6 days.
Main port: Rotterdam